Overwintering growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Three Spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii) cultured in concrete ponds in Zambia
Keywords:
Over-wintering, Growth performance, Oreochromis andersonii , Oreochromis niloticus, Zambia
Abstract
This study evaluated the overwintering growth performance of Three spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two treatments, each with three replications, were used in the three-month experiment which ran through the cold season from June 2024 to August 2024. O. niloticus was introduced into three tarpaulin-lined concrete ponds in the first treatment (T1), with an initial mean weight of 2.12 ± 1.03 grams. Three more ponds were used to stock O. andersonii in the second treatment (T2), with an initial mean weight of 2.20 ± 1.03 g. The fish were fed twice a day at a rate of 5% of their body weight. The ponds were covered with greenhouse plastic to keep the average temperature at about 22.12 ± 1.68°C during the study period. Water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, ammonia, and nitrite) were maintained within a recommended range for fish farming. Following 12 weeks of culture, the final weights (FW) (O. niloticus 25.21 ± 10.38 g and O. andersonii, 22.57 ± 8.44 g) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), or survival between the two species. However, the food conversion ratio (FCR) for O. niloticus of 1.07 ± 0.11 was significantly better (P < 0.05) than for O. andersonii of 1.62 ± 0.10. According to the findings, O. andersonii exhibited similar attributes as O. niloticus in terms of growth and survival in semi-intensive culture and by the end of the cold season, both species were overwintered to weights suitable for grow-out culture.References
Ahmed GU, Sultana N, Shamsuddin, Md and Hossain MB., Growth and Production Performance of Monosex Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed with Homemade Feed in Earthen Mini Ponds. Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS 2023; 16. 1781-5. 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1781.1785.
Ahmed GU, Sultana N, Shamsuddin M, Hossain MB., Growth and production performance of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2013;16(23):1781–1785. - PubMed
Avella M, Berhaut J and Bornancin M,. Salinity tolerance of two tropical fishes, Oreochromis aureus and O. niloticus. I. Biochemical and morphological changes in the gill epithelium. Journal of Fish Biology 1993; 42: 243–254.
Azaza MS, Dhraïef MN and Kraïem MM. (2008). Effects of water temperature growth and sex ratio of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) reared in geothermal waters in Tunisia. Journal of Thermal Biology 2008; (33), 98 - 105
Bahnasawy M, Abdel-Bak T and Abd-Allah G., Growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings raised in an earthen pond. Archives of Polish Fisheries 2003; 11.
Basiita RK, Trinh TQ, Sakala ME, Chungu P., Malambo, T., Hampuwo, B. et al. Performance of Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis andersonii in controlled laboratory conditions in Zambia. Aquaculture Reports 2022; 27, 101338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101338
Brown CL, Bolivar RB, Jimenez EBT, Szyper JP. 2002. Reduction of feed rations below satiation levels in tilapia pond production - Nineteenth Annual Technical Report. Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon: 11-16
Cayron-Thomas E., Comparison Trials Between Oreochromis andersonii (Kafue Bream) and O. niloticus (Imported Species) under Farm Conditions in Zambia,. EC FP7 Project 2010,. SARNISSA.
Chaani A, Gall GAE and Hulata G., Cold tolerance of tilapia species and hybrids. Aquaculture International 2000, 8, 289 – 298.
Charo-Karisa HA, Rezk M, Bovenhuis H, Komen H., Heritability of cold tolerance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles. Aquaculture 2005; 249, 115 – 123.
Costa-Pierce BA,. Rapid evolution of an established feral tilapia (Oreochromis spp.): the need to incorporate invasion science into regulatory structures. Biological Invasions 2003; 5: 71–84.
Craig S (2009) Understanding Fish Nutrition, Feeds, and Feed-ing. In. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, publication No. 420-256. Available from URL: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/80712/ Accessed 11-7-2018
Dan NC, Little DC., (2000b): The culture performance of mono sex and mixed sex new season and overwintered fry in three strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Northern Viet nam. Aquaculture2000b; 184, 221 – 231.
Dan NC, Little DC., Overwintering performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) brood fish and seed of ambient temperatures in Northern Vietnam. Aquaculture Research 2000a; 31, 485 – 493.
Day SB, Salie K, Stander HB., A growth comparison among three commercial tilapia species in a biofloc system. Aquac. Int. 2016; 24, 1309–1322.
de Verdal H, Benzie JA, Komen H, Quillet E, Vandeputte M, Chatain B et al., Improving feed efficiency in fish usingselective breeding: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture 2018; 10(4):833–851.
Deines A, Bbole I, Katongo C, Feder J. and Lodge, David., Hybridisation between native Oreochromis species and introduced Nile tilapia O. niloticus in the Kafue River, Zambia. African Journal of Aquatic Science 2014; 39. 10.2989/16085914.2013.864965.
Department of Fisheries (DOF), 2020. Department of Fisheries Annual Report 2020. Chilanga, Zambia: Government of Zambia, Department of Fisheries.
Diana JS, Lin CK, Yi Y., 1995 - Stocking density and supplemental feeding - Pond Dynamic/Aquaculture, CRSP, Thirteen Annual Technical Report 1995; No.133.
Diana JS, Lin CKmand Jaiyen K., Supplemental feeding of tilapia in fertilized ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 1994; 25 497-506.
El-Shebly AA., Studies on growth and production of Oreochromis niloticus in semi-intensive fish culture- J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool.1998; 27(B): 69-80.
Fisher LD and Van Belle G. 1993. “Biostatistics—A Methodology for the Health Science.” 218–221. . New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Fishbase, referenced on 12/11/2024: https://fishbase.se/country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=894&id=1399
Frei M, Razzak MA, Hossain MM, Oehme M, Dewan S, Becker K. Performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in integrated rice–fish culture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture 2007; 262, 250 – 259.
Green BW., Substitution of organic manure for pelleted feed in tilapia production. Aquaculture 1992; 101: 213-222.
Hassaan MS; EL Nagar AG, Salim HS, Fitzsimmons K and El-Haroun ER. Nutritional mitigation of winter thermal stress in Nile tilapia by propolis extract: associated indicators of nutritional status, physiological responses and transcriptional response of delta-9-desaturase gene. Aquaculture 2019; 511: 734256.
Hoevenaars K and Ng’ambi JW., Better management practices manual for smallholders farming tilapia in pond-based systems in Zambia. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems. Manual: 2019; FISH-2019-07.
Hofer SC and Watts SA. Cold tolerance in genetically male tilapia (GMTR), Oreochromis niloticus. World Aquac. 2002; 33: 19-21.
Hossain MA, Islam MJ, Uddin MM, Hossain MM, Kunda M., Comparative study on nursing of different strains of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bangladesh. Int J Nat Sci 2015; 5: 98-106.
Hossain MA, Roy R, Rahmatullah SM and Kohinoor AHM., Effect of stocking density on the growth and survival of GIFT tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on formulated diet. J. Agric. Rural Dev 2004; 2: 127-133.
Jobling M., Growth studies with fish - overcoming the problems of size variation. J. Fish Biol. 1983; 22, 153–157. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04735.x
Kefi AS and Mwango J., Is the culture of exotic fish species the answer to low fish to low fish productivity? A case study on the use of Oreochromis niloticus in Zambia. Int. J. Fish. Aquac. 2018; (10), 129–139.
MAAIF, 2020. Aquaculture Training Manual for Extension Agents in Uganda. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries; P.O Box 102, Entebbe Plot 16-18, Lugard Avenue, Entebbe-Uganda; Email: www.agriculture.go.ug; Website: info@agriculture.go.ug
Maclean JL., 1984. Tilapia- the aquatic chicken. /CLARM Newsletter, 7(1): 17p
Maher H, Azab AMA, Radwan IA and Hussein MS., Effect of fish overwintering in earthen ponds and RAS treatment on growth performance of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2023; 27(1): 305-318. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2023.286156
Márquez L, Almansa, Eduardo, Díaz, N, Díaz-López, M and Moyano, F., Relationships between the specific growth rate and the thermal-unit growth coefficient applied to cultured juvenile fish. Frontiers in Marine Science 2024; 11. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1332912.
Mirea CC, Cristea V, Grecu IR and Dediu L (2013). Influence of different water temperature on intensive growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus , 1758) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Lucr. S¸tiintifice-Seria Zooteh 2013; 60, 227–231.
Mjoun K, Rosentrater KA and Brown M L, 2010. Tilapia: environmental biology and nutrient requirements. Fact Sheets. Paper 164. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_fact/164
MOFL 2022. The ministry of Fisheries and Livestock 2022- 2026 strategic Plan. MOFL in collaboration with Management Development Division Cabinet office.
Mupeyo B., Comparative growth studies of Juvenile Kafue bream Oreochromis andersonii and Nile bream Oreochromis niloticus under laboratory conditions. BSc. Agric. Thesis 2005; University of Zambia, School of Agricultural Sciences.
Musuka CG and Musonda FF., Current and future prospects of commercial fish farming in Zambia. Int. J. Bioflux Soc.2012; (5), 79–87.
Nehemia A, Maganira JD, Rumisha S., Length-weight relationship and condition factor of tilapia species grown in marine and fresh water ponds. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 2012; 3: 117-124.
Rahman, Md & Haque, MM and Arifuzzaman, Md., Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in Different Stages of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production Cycle in Cemented Tank Based Semi-Intensive Aquaculture System. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2023; 1. 601-610. 10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).61.
Rana KJ and Hassan MR. 2013., On-farm feeding and feed manage-ment practices for sustainable aquaculture production: ananalysis of case studies from selected Asian and African coun-tries. On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture.FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 583 No.583. pp. 21-67. Rome, FAO
Schwank EJ., The introduced Oreochromis niloticus is spreading on the Kafue floodplain, Zambia. Hydrobiologia 1995; 315:143–147.
Shamsuddin M, Hossain MB, Rahman M, Kawla MS, Tazim MF, Albeshr MF, Arai T. Effects of Stocking Larger-Sized Fish on Water Quality, Growth Performance, and the Economic Yield of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in Floating Cages. Agriculture. 2022; 12(7):942. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070942
Siddik MA, Nahar A, Ahamed F and Hossain Y (2014). Over-wintering growth performance of mixed-sex and mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in NorthEastern Bangladesh. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 2014; 72: 70-76.
Simataa S, Musuka CG., Impact of withdrawing Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) from aquaculture production in Zambia: a case study of Solwezi District. Int. J. Aquac 2013; 3, 158–164.
Soltan MA, Abdella MM, El-Sayaad GA and Abu-El Wafa, MH., Effect of some over-wintering regimes on survival and growth performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Biological and Chemical Research 2015; 2: 362-374.
Soto-Zarazúa MG, Herrera-Ruiz G, Rico-García E, Toledano-Ayala M, R.; Peniche-Vera R, Velázquez O and Guevara-González RG., Development of efficient recirculation system for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture using low cost materials. Afr. J. Biotechnol 2010; 9: 5203-5211.
Thoa NP, Ninh NH, Knibb W, Nguyen NH., Does selection in a challenging environment produce Nile tilapia genotypes that can thrive in a range of production systems?Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 21486
WorldFish and AbacusBio., Dissemination Strategy for Three Spotted Tilapia in Zambia. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish 2021.
Yi Y, Lin CK, Diana JS. 2002b - Supplemental feeding for semi-intensive culture of red tilapia in brackishwater ponds - Nineteenth Annual Technical Report. Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon: 97-101.
Zale AV, and RW, Gregory., Effect of salinity on cold tolerance of juvenile blue tilapias. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1989; 118: 718–720.
Zengeya TA, Booth AJ, Chimimba CT. Broad Niche Overlap between Invasive Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Indigenous Congenerics in Southern Africa: Should We be Concerned? Entropy 2015, 17, 4959-4973. https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074959
Zhang L, Maulu S, Hua F, Chama MKH and Xu P., Aquaculture in Zambia: The Current Status, Challenges, Opportunities and Adaptable Lessons Learnt from China. Fishes, 2024; 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010014
Ahmed GU, Sultana N, Shamsuddin M, Hossain MB., Growth and production performance of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 2013;16(23):1781–1785. - PubMed
Avella M, Berhaut J and Bornancin M,. Salinity tolerance of two tropical fishes, Oreochromis aureus and O. niloticus. I. Biochemical and morphological changes in the gill epithelium. Journal of Fish Biology 1993; 42: 243–254.
Azaza MS, Dhraïef MN and Kraïem MM. (2008). Effects of water temperature growth and sex ratio of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) reared in geothermal waters in Tunisia. Journal of Thermal Biology 2008; (33), 98 - 105
Bahnasawy M, Abdel-Bak T and Abd-Allah G., Growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings raised in an earthen pond. Archives of Polish Fisheries 2003; 11.
Basiita RK, Trinh TQ, Sakala ME, Chungu P., Malambo, T., Hampuwo, B. et al. Performance of Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis andersonii in controlled laboratory conditions in Zambia. Aquaculture Reports 2022; 27, 101338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101338
Brown CL, Bolivar RB, Jimenez EBT, Szyper JP. 2002. Reduction of feed rations below satiation levels in tilapia pond production - Nineteenth Annual Technical Report. Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon: 11-16
Cayron-Thomas E., Comparison Trials Between Oreochromis andersonii (Kafue Bream) and O. niloticus (Imported Species) under Farm Conditions in Zambia,. EC FP7 Project 2010,. SARNISSA.
Chaani A, Gall GAE and Hulata G., Cold tolerance of tilapia species and hybrids. Aquaculture International 2000, 8, 289 – 298.
Charo-Karisa HA, Rezk M, Bovenhuis H, Komen H., Heritability of cold tolerance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles. Aquaculture 2005; 249, 115 – 123.
Costa-Pierce BA,. Rapid evolution of an established feral tilapia (Oreochromis spp.): the need to incorporate invasion science into regulatory structures. Biological Invasions 2003; 5: 71–84.
Craig S (2009) Understanding Fish Nutrition, Feeds, and Feed-ing. In. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, publication No. 420-256. Available from URL: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/80712/ Accessed 11-7-2018
Dan NC, Little DC., (2000b): The culture performance of mono sex and mixed sex new season and overwintered fry in three strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Northern Viet nam. Aquaculture2000b; 184, 221 – 231.
Dan NC, Little DC., Overwintering performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) brood fish and seed of ambient temperatures in Northern Vietnam. Aquaculture Research 2000a; 31, 485 – 493.
Day SB, Salie K, Stander HB., A growth comparison among three commercial tilapia species in a biofloc system. Aquac. Int. 2016; 24, 1309–1322.
de Verdal H, Benzie JA, Komen H, Quillet E, Vandeputte M, Chatain B et al., Improving feed efficiency in fish usingselective breeding: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture 2018; 10(4):833–851.
Deines A, Bbole I, Katongo C, Feder J. and Lodge, David., Hybridisation between native Oreochromis species and introduced Nile tilapia O. niloticus in the Kafue River, Zambia. African Journal of Aquatic Science 2014; 39. 10.2989/16085914.2013.864965.
Department of Fisheries (DOF), 2020. Department of Fisheries Annual Report 2020. Chilanga, Zambia: Government of Zambia, Department of Fisheries.
Diana JS, Lin CK, Yi Y., 1995 - Stocking density and supplemental feeding - Pond Dynamic/Aquaculture, CRSP, Thirteen Annual Technical Report 1995; No.133.
Diana JS, Lin CKmand Jaiyen K., Supplemental feeding of tilapia in fertilized ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 1994; 25 497-506.
El-Shebly AA., Studies on growth and production of Oreochromis niloticus in semi-intensive fish culture- J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool.1998; 27(B): 69-80.
Fisher LD and Van Belle G. 1993. “Biostatistics—A Methodology for the Health Science.” 218–221. . New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Fishbase, referenced on 12/11/2024: https://fishbase.se/country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=894&id=1399
Frei M, Razzak MA, Hossain MM, Oehme M, Dewan S, Becker K. Performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in integrated rice–fish culture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture 2007; 262, 250 – 259.
Green BW., Substitution of organic manure for pelleted feed in tilapia production. Aquaculture 1992; 101: 213-222.
Hassaan MS; EL Nagar AG, Salim HS, Fitzsimmons K and El-Haroun ER. Nutritional mitigation of winter thermal stress in Nile tilapia by propolis extract: associated indicators of nutritional status, physiological responses and transcriptional response of delta-9-desaturase gene. Aquaculture 2019; 511: 734256.
Hoevenaars K and Ng’ambi JW., Better management practices manual for smallholders farming tilapia in pond-based systems in Zambia. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems. Manual: 2019; FISH-2019-07.
Hofer SC and Watts SA. Cold tolerance in genetically male tilapia (GMTR), Oreochromis niloticus. World Aquac. 2002; 33: 19-21.
Hossain MA, Islam MJ, Uddin MM, Hossain MM, Kunda M., Comparative study on nursing of different strains of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Bangladesh. Int J Nat Sci 2015; 5: 98-106.
Hossain MA, Roy R, Rahmatullah SM and Kohinoor AHM., Effect of stocking density on the growth and survival of GIFT tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on formulated diet. J. Agric. Rural Dev 2004; 2: 127-133.
Jobling M., Growth studies with fish - overcoming the problems of size variation. J. Fish Biol. 1983; 22, 153–157. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04735.x
Kefi AS and Mwango J., Is the culture of exotic fish species the answer to low fish to low fish productivity? A case study on the use of Oreochromis niloticus in Zambia. Int. J. Fish. Aquac. 2018; (10), 129–139.
MAAIF, 2020. Aquaculture Training Manual for Extension Agents in Uganda. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries; P.O Box 102, Entebbe Plot 16-18, Lugard Avenue, Entebbe-Uganda; Email: www.agriculture.go.ug; Website: info@agriculture.go.ug
Maclean JL., 1984. Tilapia- the aquatic chicken. /CLARM Newsletter, 7(1): 17p
Maher H, Azab AMA, Radwan IA and Hussein MS., Effect of fish overwintering in earthen ponds and RAS treatment on growth performance of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2023; 27(1): 305-318. doi: 10.21608/ejabf.2023.286156
Márquez L, Almansa, Eduardo, Díaz, N, Díaz-López, M and Moyano, F., Relationships between the specific growth rate and the thermal-unit growth coefficient applied to cultured juvenile fish. Frontiers in Marine Science 2024; 11. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1332912.
Mirea CC, Cristea V, Grecu IR and Dediu L (2013). Influence of different water temperature on intensive growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus , 1758) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Lucr. S¸tiintifice-Seria Zooteh 2013; 60, 227–231.
Mjoun K, Rosentrater KA and Brown M L, 2010. Tilapia: environmental biology and nutrient requirements. Fact Sheets. Paper 164. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_fact/164
MOFL 2022. The ministry of Fisheries and Livestock 2022- 2026 strategic Plan. MOFL in collaboration with Management Development Division Cabinet office.
Mupeyo B., Comparative growth studies of Juvenile Kafue bream Oreochromis andersonii and Nile bream Oreochromis niloticus under laboratory conditions. BSc. Agric. Thesis 2005; University of Zambia, School of Agricultural Sciences.
Musuka CG and Musonda FF., Current and future prospects of commercial fish farming in Zambia. Int. J. Bioflux Soc.2012; (5), 79–87.
Nehemia A, Maganira JD, Rumisha S., Length-weight relationship and condition factor of tilapia species grown in marine and fresh water ponds. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 2012; 3: 117-124.
Rahman, Md & Haque, MM and Arifuzzaman, Md., Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in Different Stages of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production Cycle in Cemented Tank Based Semi-Intensive Aquaculture System. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2023; 1. 601-610. 10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).61.
Rana KJ and Hassan MR. 2013., On-farm feeding and feed manage-ment practices for sustainable aquaculture production: ananalysis of case studies from selected Asian and African coun-tries. On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture.FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 583 No.583. pp. 21-67. Rome, FAO
Schwank EJ., The introduced Oreochromis niloticus is spreading on the Kafue floodplain, Zambia. Hydrobiologia 1995; 315:143–147.
Shamsuddin M, Hossain MB, Rahman M, Kawla MS, Tazim MF, Albeshr MF, Arai T. Effects of Stocking Larger-Sized Fish on Water Quality, Growth Performance, and the Economic Yield of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in Floating Cages. Agriculture. 2022; 12(7):942. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070942
Siddik MA, Nahar A, Ahamed F and Hossain Y (2014). Over-wintering growth performance of mixed-sex and mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in NorthEastern Bangladesh. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 2014; 72: 70-76.
Simataa S, Musuka CG., Impact of withdrawing Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) from aquaculture production in Zambia: a case study of Solwezi District. Int. J. Aquac 2013; 3, 158–164.
Soltan MA, Abdella MM, El-Sayaad GA and Abu-El Wafa, MH., Effect of some over-wintering regimes on survival and growth performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Biological and Chemical Research 2015; 2: 362-374.
Soto-Zarazúa MG, Herrera-Ruiz G, Rico-García E, Toledano-Ayala M, R.; Peniche-Vera R, Velázquez O and Guevara-González RG., Development of efficient recirculation system for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture using low cost materials. Afr. J. Biotechnol 2010; 9: 5203-5211.
Thoa NP, Ninh NH, Knibb W, Nguyen NH., Does selection in a challenging environment produce Nile tilapia genotypes that can thrive in a range of production systems?Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 21486
WorldFish and AbacusBio., Dissemination Strategy for Three Spotted Tilapia in Zambia. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish 2021.
Yi Y, Lin CK, Diana JS. 2002b - Supplemental feeding for semi-intensive culture of red tilapia in brackishwater ponds - Nineteenth Annual Technical Report. Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon: 97-101.
Zale AV, and RW, Gregory., Effect of salinity on cold tolerance of juvenile blue tilapias. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 1989; 118: 718–720.
Zengeya TA, Booth AJ, Chimimba CT. Broad Niche Overlap between Invasive Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Indigenous Congenerics in Southern Africa: Should We be Concerned? Entropy 2015, 17, 4959-4973. https://doi.org/10.3390/e17074959
Zhang L, Maulu S, Hua F, Chama MKH and Xu P., Aquaculture in Zambia: The Current Status, Challenges, Opportunities and Adaptable Lessons Learnt from China. Fishes, 2024; 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010014
Published
2025-04-10
How to Cite
1.
Ng’ambi J, Sanida M. Overwintering growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Three Spotted tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii) cultured in concrete ponds in Zambia. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 10Apr.2025 [cited 9May2025];8(3). Available from: https://law.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/1289
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Agriculture Sciences
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